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In markets where the system operations function has been moved to an Independent System Operator (ISO), the term transmission owner, or TO, is u …
Transmission rights are used by generators and/or marketers to ensure delivery of power to a point of sale.
A transmission system operator (TSO) is a stand-alone natural gas or electric transmission company that owns transmission facilities and provide …
Unbundled service happens when the distribution company provides the delivery service but another entity such as a marketer or aggregator provid …
Utility distribution company (UDC)
A utility distribution company (UDC) is an electric utility that provides distribution services.
Vertically integrated monopoly utility electric market model
Under the vertically integrated monopoly utility model, generation, transmission, distribution, retail sales, and system operations functions an …
In the energy industry, wholesale customers are entities that buy natural gas or electric supply for the purpose of reselling it. Wholesale cust …
Generally speaking, market-based prices are determined by market perceptions of the supply/demand balance. Wholesale electricity prices are usua …
Wholesale marketers are entities that purchase natural gas or electric supply for the purposes or reselling the supply to other market participa …
Wholesale/industrial competition electric market model
Under the wholesale/industrial competition model, the utility remains responsible for providing supply to residential and small commercial custo …
A ZEC is a tradeable financial instrument that allows the owner of a zero-emissions electric generating plant to receive revenue associated with …
Zero-emissions vehicle (ZEV) credit
A zero-emissions vehicle (ZEV) credit is a tradeable financial instrument that provides zero-emissions vehicle manufacturers with a revenue stre …
Zero-emissions vehicle mandate program
A zero-emissions vehicle mandate program, commonly called a ZEV mandate program, is a government regulation that requires manufacturers of vehic …